All About OOPS Concepts

OOPS have following features

1. Object   - Instance of class

2. Class    - Blue print of Object

3. Data Encapsulation  - Protecting our data

4. Polymorphism   - Different behaviors at diff. instances

5. Data Abstraction    - Hidding our irrelavance data

6. Inheritance    - one property of object is aquring to another property of object

• Objects

Software objects are often used to model the real-world objects that you find in everyday life. Real-world objects share two characteristics: They all have state and behavior.

• Class

A class is the blueprint from which the individual objects are created. Class is composed of three things: a name, attributes, and operations.

• Data encapsulation

Hiding internal state and requiring all interaction to be performed through an object’s methods is known as data encapsulation — a fundamental principle of object-oriented programming

• Polymorphism   

Polymorphism means "one name, multiple forms". Using one name u can do multiple of actions.

Example of Compile Time Polymorphism : Method Overloading
Example of Run Time Polymorphism          : Method Overriding

Overriding is the concept of having functions of same name and signature in different classes. one in the super class can be made virtual and other can override the functionality of virtual one.

Overloading is the concept of having functions of same name, but different signature in same class. They are differentiated by the compiler by their signatures.

• Data Abstraction

Abstraction defines way to abstract or hide your data and members from outside world.

 Simply speaking Abstraction is hiding the complexities of your class or struct or in a generic term Type from outer world. This is achieved by means of access specifiers.
Interview Definition: - Hiding the complexities of your type from outside world.

How to Abstract: - By using Access Specifiers

.Net has five access specifiers:-

Public -- Accessible outside the class through object reference.

Private -- Accessible inside the class only through member functions.

Protected -- Just like private but Accessible in derived classes also through member functions.

Internal -- Visible inside the assembly. Accessible through objects.

Protected Internal -- Visible inside the assembly through objects and in derived classes outside the assembly through member functions.

• Inheritance

Inheritance is the process that allows a type or a table to acquire the properties of another type or table.

The type or table that inherits the properties is called the subtype or sub table.

The type or table whose properties are inherited is called the super type or super table.

Inheritance allows for incremental modification so that a type or table can inherit a general set of properties and add properties that are specific to it.

You can use inheritance to make modifications only to the extent that the modifications do not alter the inherited super types or super tables.

What is OOPS ?

• OOPs is an Object Oriented Programming language, which is the extension of Procedure Oriented Programming language.
• OOPS reduce the code of the program because of the extensive feature of Polymorphism. 
• OOPS have many properties such as Data-Hiding, Inheritance, Data Abstraction, Data Encapsulation and many moreEverything in the world is an object. 
• The type of the object may vary. In OOPS, we get the power to create objects of our own, as & when required.